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Royal Cyphers

Below is a list of rulers of various nations since 1700. I wish to try and make this as complete as possible so please email me if you have information on another nation that could be added. Thank you.

You can order this table by 'Ruler' or 'Nation'.

NationStartEndRulerCyphers

Austrian18041835Francis I
Austrian18351848Ferdinand I
Austrian18481916Francis Joseph I


Austrian19161918Charles I

Bavaria17771799Carl Theodore

Bavaria18051825Maximilian I

Bavaria18251848Ludwig I

Bavaria18481864Maximilian II

Bavaria18641886Ludwig II

Bavaria18861913Otto
Bavaria19131918Ludwig III

Belgium18311865Leopold I
Belgium18651909Leopold II

Belgium19091934Albert I

Belgium19341951Leopold III

Belgium19511993Baudouin I

Belgium1993todayAlbert II

Brazil18221831Pedro I
Brazil18311889Pedro II


Denmark ( after 1814)18141839Frederick VI

Denmark ( after 1814)18391848Christian VIII
Denmark ( after 1814)18481863Frederick VII
Denmark ( after 1814)18631906Christian IX
Denmark ( after 1814)19061912Frederick VIII
Denmark ( after 1814)19121947Christian X

Denmark ( after 1814)19471972Frederick IX
Denmark ( after 1814)1972todayMargrethe II

Denmark-Norway (up to 1814)16701699Christian V

Denmark-Norway (up to 1814)16991730Frederick IV

Denmark-Norway (up to 1814)17301746Christian VI


Denmark-Norway (up to 1814)17461766Frederick V


Denmark-Norway (up to 1814)17661808Christian VII


Denmark-Norway (up to 1814)18081839Frederick VI

Dutch Republic (stadtholders)17221751William IV
Dutch Republic (stadtholders)17511795William V

France16431715Louis XIV
France17151774Louis XV
France17741792Louis XVI
France18041814Napoleon I
France18141815Louis XVIII
France18151815Napoleon I
France18151815Napoleon II
France18151824Louis XVIII
France18241830Charles X
France18301848Louis-Philippe I
France18521870Napoleon III

Holy Roman Empire16581705Leopold I
Holy Roman Empire17051711Joseph I
Holy Roman Empire17111740Charles VI
Holy Roman Empire17421745Charles VII
Holy Roman Empire17451765Francis I
Holy Roman Empire17651790Jospeh II
Holy Roman Empire17901792Leopold II
Holy Roman Empire17921806Francis II

Hungary19161918Karl IV

Italy18611878Victor Emmanuel II
Italy18781900Umberto I
Italy19001946Victor Emmanuel III

Italy19461946Umberto II

Naples17001713Philip IV
Naples17141734Charles VI
Naples17341759Charles VII
Naples17591798Ferdinand IV
Naples17991806Ferdinand IV
Naples18061808Joseph I
Naples18081815Joachim I
Naples18151816Ferdinand IV

Netherlands18131840William I
Netherlands18401849William II
Netherlands18491890William III
Netherlands18901898Queeen Emma (Regent)
Netherlands18901948Wilhelmina

Netherlands19481980Juliana
Netherlands1980todayBeatrix

Norway (1905-today)19051957Haakon VII

Norway (1905-today)19571991Olav V

Norway (1905-today)1991todayHarald V

Norway-Sweden (1814-1905)18091818Charles XIII
Norway-Sweden (1814-1905)18091818Charles XIV (as regent)

Norway-Sweden (1814-1905)18181844Charles XIV

Norway-Sweden (1814-1905)18441859Oscar I

Norway-Sweden (1814-1905)18591872Charles XV
Norway-Sweden (1814-1905)18721905Oscar II

Poland16971706August I
Poland17061709Stainslas I
Poland17091733August II

Poland17331736Stainslas I
Poland17341763August III
Poland17641795Stainslas II
Poland18151825Alexander I
Poland18251855Nicholas I
Poland18551881Alexander II
Poland18811894Alexander III
Poland18941917Nicholas II

Portugal16831706Pedro II
Portugal17061750Joao V
Portugal17501777Jose I
Portugal17771816Maria I
Portugal17991816Joao VI (as regent)

Portugal18161826Joao VI
Portugal18261826Pedro IV
Portugal18281834Miguel I
Portugal18341853Maria II
Portugal18531861Pedro V
Portugal18611889Luis V
Portugal18891908Carlos I
Portugal19081910Manuel II

Prussia17011713Frederick I
Prussia17131740Frederick William I
Prussia17401786Frederick II
Prussia17861797Frederick William II

Prussia17971840Frederick William III

Prussia18401861Frederick William IV
Prussia18611888William I

Prussia18881888Frederick III
Prussia18881918William II

Russia16891725Peter I
Russia17251727Catherine I
Russia17271730Peter II
Russia17301740Anna
Russia17401741Ivan VI
Russia17411761Elizabeth


Russia17611762Peter III
Russia17621796Catherine II


Russia17961801Paul I
Russia18011825Alexander I


Russia18251825Constantine I
Russia18251855Nicholas I

Russia18551881Alexander II


Russia18811894Alexander III

Russia18941917Nicholas II


Sardinia17201730Victor Amedeus II
Sardinia17301773Charles Emmanuel III
Sardinia17731796Victor Amedeus III
Sardinia17961802Charles Emmanuel IV
Sardinia18021821Victor Emmanuel I
Sardinia18211831Charles Felix I
Sardinia18311849Charles Albert I

Sardinia18491861Victor Emmanuel II

Saxony18061827Frederick Augustus I
Saxony18271836Anthony
Saxony18361854Frederick Augustus II
Saxony18541873John

Saxony18731902Albert


Saxony19021904George
Saxony19041918Frederick Augustus III



Serbia18821889Milan I
Serbia18891903Aleksander
Serbia19031918Petar I

Spain17001724Philip V
Spain17241724Louis I
Spain17241746Philip V
Spain17461759Ferdinand VI
Spain17591788Charles III
Spain17881808Charles IV
Spain18081808Ferdinand VII
Spain18081813Joseph I
Spain18131833Ferdinand VII
Spain18331868Isabella II
Spain18701873Amadeo I
Spain18741885Alfonso XII
Spain18861931Alfonso XIII
Spain1975todayJuan Carlos I

Sweden (1905-today)19051907Oscar II
Sweden (1905-today)19071850Gustav V
Sweden (1905-today)19501973Gustaf VI
Sweden (1905-today)1973todayCarl XVI

Sweden (Pre 1814)16821718Charles XII


Sweden (Pre 1814)17181720Ulrika Eleonora
Sweden (Pre 1814)17201751Frederick I
Sweden (Pre 1814)17511771Adolf Frederick
Sweden (Pre 1814)17711792Gustav III
Sweden (Pre 1814)17921809Gustav IV Adolf

Two Sicilies18161825Ferdinand I
Two Sicilies18251830Francis I
Two Sicilies18301859Ferdinand II
Two Sicilies18591861Francis II

United Kingdom17141727George I
United Kingdom17271760George II
United Kingdom17601820George III


United Kingdom18201830George IV

United Kingdom18301837William IV



United Kingdom18371901Victoria (VRI introduced in 1876)



United Kingdom19011910Edward VII


United Kingdom19101936George V



United Kingdom19361936Edward VIII



United Kingdom19361952George VI

United Kingdom1952todayElizabeth II


Wurttemberg18061816Frederick I
Wurttemberg18161864William I
Wurttemberg18641891Charles
Wurttemberg18911918William II

Yugoslavia19181921Peter I
Yugoslavia19211934Alexander
Yugoslavia19341945Peter II

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